The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shia caliphate of the 10th to the 12th centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west. The Fatimids, a dynasty of Arab origin, trace their ancestry to Muhammad's daughter Fatima and her husband ‘Ali b.

When did the Fatimid dynasty begin?

The dynasty was founded in 909 by the caliph Abdullāh al-Mahdī Billa, who legitimized his claim through descent from Muhammad by way of his daughter Fātima as-Zahra and her husband ˤAlī ibn-Abī-Tālib, the first Shīˤa Imām, hence the name al-Fātimiyyūn "Fatimid".

When did Fatimid dynasty start and end?

Fatimid dynasty, political and religious dynasty that dominated an empire in North Africa and subsequently in the Middle East from 909 to 1171 ce and tried unsuccessfully to oust the Abbasid caliphs as leaders of the Islamic world.

Where did the Fatimids come from?

The Fatimids were an Ismaili Shi'i dynasty who reigned over a vast swathe of the southern Mediterranean–North Africa–all the way from Tunisia up until Egypt and parts of Syria. They reigned from 909 to 1171, CE, so about two and a half centuries of rule over this southern Mediterranean swathe of land.

Who established the Fatimid state?

The dynasty was founded in 909 by the caliph Abdullāh al-Mahdī Billa, who legitimized his claim through descent from Muhammad by way of his daughter Fātima as-Zahra and her husband ˤAlī ibn-Abī-Tālib, the first Shīˤa Imām, hence the name al-Fātimiyyūn "Fatimid".

Rise of the Fatimid Caliphate (909-1021) / History Documentary

Why did the Fatimid dynasty fall?

Badr's son and successor al-Afḍal in effect renounced the claims of the Egyptian Fatimid dynasty to the universal caliphate. ... Claiming that al-Āmir had left an infant son who was now the hidden imām, the Yemenis refused to recognize al-Ḥāfiẓ or his successors in Cairo. The end of the dynasty came in 1171.

How did the Fatimids take over Egypt?

The Fatimids launched repeated invasions of Egypt soon after coming to power in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) in 921, but failed against the still strong Abbasid Caliphate. ... The resulting power vacuum led to open infighting among the various factions in Fustat, the capital of Egypt.

Who was the Fatimid caliphate named after?

The Fatimid Caliphate was a Shia Muslim caliphate named after Fatimah, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, whom the Fatimids claimed as their ancestor. It controlled a large region in Northern Africa along the Mediterranean coast from 909 to 1171, and was ultimately centered in Egypt.

Who were the Fatimids Class 11?

A well-organised movement, called dawa, brought down the Umayyads and replaced them with another family of Meccan origin, the Abbasids, in 750. Their army was led by an Iranian slave, Abu Muslim, who defeated the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan, in a battle at the river Zab.

What was the Fatimid dynasty quizlet?

An Ismaili dynasty whose founder claimed descent from Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet and wife of 'Ali, and established a counter-caliphate in North Africa (909-71), which was later expanded to include Egypt and southern Syria (969-1171).

How was the city Cairo formed during Fatimids period?

The Fatimid general, Jawhar al-Siqilli, built a new palace city near to the old capital of Fustat upon conquering Egypt in 969, which he at first called al-Mansuriya after the capital in Tunisia. When al-Mu'izz arrived in 973, the name was changed to al-Qāhira (Cairo).

Were the Abbasids Sunni or Shia?

The Persian Abbasids, who overthrew the Arab Umayyad, were a Sunni dynasty that relied on Shia support to establish their empire. They appealed to the Shia by claiming descent from Muhammad through his uncle Abbas.

Who were Kharjis?

Kharjis were the breakway group of Ali's followers. They were the sources of trouble for Arab state for half a century.

Who were Kharjis What was their role?

Kharijites believed that Muslims had the duty to revolt against any ruler who deviated from their interpretation of Islam or failed to manage Muslim's affairs with justice and consultation or committed a major sin.

Who was the founder of Islam?

The Prophet Muhammad and the Origins of Islam.

How many Islamic caliphates were there?

During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517).

Which is the last of the Islamic dynasties?

The Nasrids, centered at their capital of Granada, were the last of many Islamic dynasties to rule in Spain. Their reign ended in 1492, when most Muslims and Jews were cast out of Spain by the Castilian king and queen, Ferdinand and Isabella.

What was the capital of the Abbasids?

Under the Abbasids the caliphate entered a new phase. Instead of focusing, as the Umayyads had done, on the West—on North Africa, the Mediterranean, and southern Europe—the caliphate now turned eastward. The capital was moved to the new city of Baghdad, and events in Persia and Transoxania were closely watched.

How long did Fatimids rule Egypt?

In the tenth to twelfth centuries, an area including present-day Algeria, Tunisia, Sicily, Egypt, and Syria came under the rule of the Fatimid dynasty (909–1171), an offshoot of a Shi'i sect from North Africa.

How old is Giza?

The Giza Pyramids, built to endure an eternity, have done just that. The monumental tombs are relics of Egypt's Old Kingdom era and were constructed some 4,500 years ago.